Automatic smoke-preventer



(No Model.) 2' Sheets-Sheet 1.

R. W. OAVENAUGH. I AUTOMATIC SMOKE PREVENTER.

N0. 593,565. Patented Nov: 16,1897.'

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

. R. W. CAVENAUGH.

AUTOMATIC SMOKE PREVENTER.

No. 593,565. Patented Nov: 16,1897.

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RALPH W. CAVENAUGH, OF ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA.-

AUTOMATIC SMOKE-PREVENTER.

SPEGIFIGATIOET forning part of Letters Fatent No. 593,565, dated November 16, 1897.

Application filed August 18, 1896. Serial No. 603,141. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RALPH W. CAVENAUGH, of the city of St. Paul, county of Ramsey, State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Automatic Smoke-Preventers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in devices applicable to stationary, marine, or locomotive boiler furnaces for the purpose of creating a complete combustion of the .fuel and thereby preventing the formation of smoke.

The object of the invention is to provide means applicable directly in connection with the fire-chamber of the furnace for supplying a proper amount of oxygen from heated air and superheated steam to insure at all times a thorough and complete combustion of the gases generated from the different kinds of fuel.

Another object of the invention is to provide a device by which the supply of steam and heated air may be governed automatically and at proper intervals of time.

To the above ends the invention consists generally in the constructions and combinations hereinafter described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a stationary boiler-furnace, showing the arrangement of the fire-tile through which the airis supplied and their position inrelation to the grate. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on line y y of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section on line a z of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a front elevation of one of the fire-tiles. Fig. 6 is a vertical section of the same on line a; a; of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a rear elevation of the fire-tile, showing the arrangement of the air-passages therein. Fig. 8 is an enlarged plan of one side of the furnace-wall and a portion of the bridge-wall, showing the arrangement of the steam-pipe therein and its position in relation to the firetile. Fig. 9 is avertical section of one of the fire-tiles, showing the steam-pipe and the steam-j et and their position in relation to said tile. Figs. 10, 11, and 12 are details of the steam-jet. Fig. 13 is a vertical section of the automatic device for governing the supply of steam. Fig. 14 is a side elevation of the same device. Fig. 15 is a plan view of one of the caps of the cylinder of the automatic governing device. Fig. 16 is a side elevation, on an enlarged scale, of one of the flaps that is arranged to be moved by the opening in the furnace 4.

In the drawings, 2 represents a boiler of any suitable or preferred construction, which is set, as here shown, in suitable masonry 3. The front of the boiler-setting, which may be of cast-iron, in the usual way, is provided with a fire-door 5 and a suitable ash-door 7. The furnace is also provided with a suitable bridge-wall 9 and grate 11. For the purpose of supplying heated air to the furnace above the grate and above the coal thereon I pro-' vide in the wall of the furnace and at each side thereof suitable fire-tiles 13, eachprovided with vertical channels 15, arranged upon the rear face of said tile, and a transverse channel 17, arranged at the upper end of said channels 15. Holes 19 extend through the tile at the upper ends of the channels 15, and openings 21 through said tiles are provided at the lower end of said channels. These tiles are arranged in the masonry or walls of the fire-box so that the openings 21 are below the grate 11 and the openings 19 above said grate, as shown in Fig. 1. Any number of said tiles may be provided, and they may be provided each with one or more vertical channels, as preferred. I have here shown each tile provided with two vertical channels. These tiles will preferably be arranged the full length of the grate of the furnace, and the number employed will vary in accordance with the length of the furnace. I also provide a superheating steam-coil 23, that is preferably arranged in an open space within the bridge-wall 9. A pipe 25 connects with this coil and extends from the boiler or other suitable source of supply. From the coil 23 a pipe 27 extends through each side of the furnace-wall, passing along in the recess formed by the channels 17 in the tile 13. Opposite each of the openings 19 said pipe is provided with a steam-jet 29. (See Figs. 10,

11, and 12.) These jets consist of short nip-' ples having screw-threaded ends 31, adapted to be screwed .into the pipes 37 and having their outer ends squared at 33 to permit the application of a wrench thereto. Said nipples are each provided with an opening 35, which at the outer end of the nipple is made of oblong form in cross-section, as shown in Figs. 11 and 12, for the purpose of spreading the steam out in a thin sheet as it passes over the fire. These steam-jets being arranged at the upper ends of the vertical channels 15, as shown in Fig. 9, create a suction of air up through said channels, and such air is drawn out of the furnace below the grate. The air in the furnace or ash-pit immediately below the grate will of course be highly heated, and as it passes up through the channels 15 in the tiles 13 it will become further heated, and as it is forced into the 'fire-box immediately above the fire through the openings 19, with the steam passing through the steam-jets 29, it will supply a large amount of oxygen in a highly-heated condition, which will mingle with the combustible gases arising from the fuel on the grate and will cause a practically complete combustion of all of said fuel, thereby preventing the formation of any soot or smoke. I donot limit myself, however, to the arrangement of the steam-pipe in the bridge-wall of the furnace, as it might be arranged in any other convenient place for superheating the steam.

It is usually necessary to supply the heated air and steam to the furnace only for a short time after the addition of a fresh supply of fuel, and I therefore prefer to provide an automatic governing device that will be set in operation upon the opening of the furnacedoor for the purpose of adding a fresh supply of fuel and that will remain in operation for a predetermined time after such door is opened. The construction that I prefer to use for this purpose is as follows: The steampipe 25 is provided with a valve-shell 37, (see Figs. 13 and 14,) within which is arranged a suitable valve 39. The valve here shown is arranged to be moved vertically in said valveshell for the purpose of opening or closing the steam-pipe. The rod 41 of the valve 39 is eonnected'to a piston-rod 43 of a piston .45, arranged in a suitable water-cylinder 47. Said cylinder is provided with the heads 49, and a piston-rod 43 preferably extends through said cylinder and is provided at its lower end with a hook 51, upon which is hung a suitable weight 53. A water-pipe 55 is connected to the lower part of said cylinder, and said pipe is connected to a suitable source of Water-supply, as to the mains of a city water system. Thiswater-pipe is provided with a suitable valve or cut-off that is connected to an operating-rod 57. (See Fig. 14.) Said rod extends above the furnace-door 5 and is arranged to turn in suitable bearings 59. Said rod has secured to it a flap or arm 61, (see Figs. 14 and 16,) that extends down over the upper part of the door, so that as said door is opened the flap is engaged by the door. The rod 57 is turned and the valve in the water-pipe is opened, permitting the water to flow into the cylinder 47, beneath the piston 45, and thereby to raise the piston-rod 43 and steam-pipe 25. causes it to pass into the steam-coil 23, where it is superheated, and from there to the steam jets already described. I

The water-valve in the pipe 55 is provided with suitable means for causing it to automatically close as soon as the furnace-door is shut. cylinder and the cut-off with a drip-cock 63, which maybe set as desired to permit the water to escape from the cylinder in any deheads 49 of the cylinder 47 are preferably pro vided with suitable brackets 65, permitting said cylinder to be secured in position upon the front of the boiler-furnace or upon any other suitable support.

Any suitable means may be employed for forming a connection between the piston-rod 43 and the valve-stem 41.. I have here shown these parts arranged to telescope one within the other and have provided an adjustable sleeve 67 upon the valve-stem 41, arranged to be secured in any suitable position therein by means of a set-screw 69. With this arrangement when the piston-rod'has moved a predetermined amount the sleeve 67 will be engaged by the end piston-rod and the valve 39 will be moved. The amount of throw of the valve may be regulated by adjustment of the sleeve upon the valve-stem.

I am aware of Patent No. 475,876, granted May 31, 1892, to M. J. Lynn, and make no claim to the features shown in said patent.

Having thus described my invention, I

claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. The combination, with a suitable furnace, of a series of tiles arranged along the wall of the furnace and extended above and below the furnace-grate, said tiles formed with transversely-extending openings above and below the grate and having formed in their rear faces vertically-extending openings connecting at top and bottom with, the transverselyextending openings, substantially as and for the purposes described.

2. The combination, with a suitable furnace, of a series of tiles along the wall thereof provided with openings above and below the grate connected by channels and having a laterally-extending channel across the open- This turns on the steam and 70 valve-stem 41 and open the valve 39 in the The pipe 55 is provided between the LOO ings at the top, a steam-pipe lying in said lateral channel and provided with steam-jets arranged to inject into the openings above the grate, substantially as and for the purposes described. 7

3. The combination, with a suitable furnace, of a series of tiles along the wall thereof provided with openings above and below the grate connected by channels and having a laterally-extending channel across the openings at the top, a steam-pipe lying in saidlateral channel and arranged to inject into the openings above the grate, and a superheating steam-coil connected to said steampipe, substantially as and for the purposes described.

4. The combination, with a suitable furnace, of tiles arranged along the side walls thereof, and provided with openings 19 and 21, arranged respectively above and below the furnace-grate, channels 15 connecting said openings, the transverse channel 17 arranged opposite said openings 19, the steam-pipe 27 extending through said channel 17 and provided with a series of steam-jets 29 projecting into said openings 19, for the purpose specified.

5. In a furnace smoke-preventer, the combination of a pipe for supplying steam to the fire-box, a valve in said pipe to control the passage of the steam, a water-cylinder containing a piston, and having the piston-rod arranged to operate on said steam-valve, a water-supply pipe communicating with the water-cylinder on one side of the piston therein, a valve in said water-pipe, a rocking shaft connected with said valve to positively move it in both directions as shown and having a member arranged in the path of movement of the furnace-door so as to turn on the water to the cylinder when the door is opened, and means for regulating the escape of water from the cylinder, substantially as and for the purposes described.

6. In a furnace smoke-preventer, the combination of a pipe for supplying steam to the fire-box, a valve in said pipe, a cylinder provided with a piston and having a piston-rod extending through opposite ends of the cylinder and having one end arranged to actuate said steam-valve and the opposite end weighted outside of the cylinder, a pipe connecting with the interior of said cylinder for supplying a pressure-applying agent to act on said piston, a valve controlling the supply of said agent to the cylinder, means connecting said valve operatively with the furnace-door to open the valve when the furnace door is opened, and means for the escape of the pressure agent from the cylinder when the steam is to be shut off from the fire-box, substantially as and for the purposes described.

7. In a furnace smoke-preventer, the combination of a pipe for supplying steam to the fire-box, a valve in said pipe, a water-cylinder containing a piston and having the piston-rod arranged in line with the stem of said steamvalve, a weight applied to the piston-rod outside of the water-cylinder, a water-supply pipe communicating with the interior of said cylinder, a valve in said water-pipe, means operatively connecting said valve with the f urnace-door so that when said door is opened the water will be turned into the cylinder and when closed the supply of water will be cut off, and means for controlling the escape of water from the cylinder, substantially as and for the purposes described.

8. The combination, with the steam-supply pipe, provided with the valve 39 having the valve-stem 11, with the adjustable sleeve 67 arranged thereon, of the cylinder 47 having a piston arranged therein, the piston-rod 43 connected to said valve-stem 41 and adapted to engage said sleeve 67, the weight connected to the lower end of said piston-rod, the dripvalve permitting the water to escape .from said cylinder, and means for supplying water to said cylinder each time that the furnacedoor is opened, for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 11th day of August, A. D. 1896.

' RALPH XV. CAVENAUGH.

In presence of- M. E. GooLEY, B. U. DUNBAR. 

